Trussed beams span from 10 to 100 meters, depending on the building type. A good example is in industrial buildings where there is a need for more space for working areas. These beams are used when there is a lot of weight to be supported across vast spaces. A trussed beam is made of either steel or timber sections. This is a stiffened beam by a system of braces to form a truss and a bottom chord. The hip beams support other load-bearing beams that are separated at proportioned angles. We use hip beams to make hip roofs where hip beams converge to the middle portion of a roof to create good roofing designs for residential construction. We use a hip beam in the design of most roofing designs. Due to their strength, they ensure a structure has adequate structural integrity. We use universal beams when making critical support trusses or main building frameworks. During design, we assess the strength of an I-beam by its deflection, vibration, bending failure, shear failure, and yielding. When it comes to their design for structural use, tables from design codes are available that make selecting suitable beam sizes easy. We mainly make I-beams from steel, but there are some instances where we make them from aluminum. Universal beams have a high moment of inertia, thus making them suitable for resisting shear and bending moments. The web resists shear forces, and the flanges resist bending moments.
The horizontal elements of this beam are known as flanges, whereas the vertical element is the web.
We also commonly refer to a universal beam as an I-beam, and it is one of the most frequently used beams in steel structures.
There are different beams applicable in engineering and below are some of the most common examples applied. We use fiber-reinforced polymeric materials to construct composite beams where we join two or more materials together to form a beam. Timber beams are constructed by jointing structural wooden members together. Timber is the oldest material used in beam construction. Steel is a suitable material when constructing beams over long spans, and we also use it in making composite beams of concrete and steel. Standard steel beams are I-beams, H-beams, W and S sections, rectangular hollow sections, plate girders, and circular hollow sections. On the other hand, steel beams are made from steel and molded into different shapes. Reinforced concrete beams are made when steel bars are embedded along the length of a structural member to increase the structure's tensile strength. Common materials are reinforced concrete, timber, steel, and fiber-reinforced polymeric materials. There are different types of construction beams based on the choice of the construction material. Beams withstand shear forces, bending moments, and vertical loads. The mode of deflection of beams is primarily by bending. Beams transfer loads applied on their length to the endpoint and transmit the load to a column, wall, or foundation. They are characterized by the manner of their supports, shape of the cross-section, length, material, and equilibrium conditions. Construction beams are structural elements used in buildings, and they resist loads applied laterally to their axis.
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